果实香气物质的研究进展

对果实香气物质的研究方法、主要芳香物质鉴定、芳香物质生物合成途径、影响果实芳香物质形成的因素以及相关合成的分子调控机理等5个阶段进行了简要的概述与展望。     

In vivo functions of the auxiliary genes and regulatory elements of feline immunodeficiency virus

Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a widespread lentivirus of domestic cats that causes an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-like disease similar to human AIDS caused by human immunodeficiency virus. FIV has a complex genome structure including structural, enzymatic and auxiliary genes and regulatory elements. In this article, we review the in vivo roles of some of these FIV auxiliary genes and regulatory elements, especially focusing on the dUTPase, vif, and ORF-A genes and AP-1 binding site in the enhancer region of the long terminal repeat, by comparison with those of other non-primate lentiviruses. These genes and elements are considered to be important for viral replication, immunological response and pathogenesis in cats.     

茶多酚对动物热应激调控的机制

茶多酚是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称。茶多酚具有抗氧化能力强,无毒副作用,无异味等特点。热应激引起氧化应激,使动物抗氧化力和免疫力的降低,从而严重影响动物生产性能。茶多酚通过清除有害自由基,提高机体内抗氧化酶的活性,从而达到降低肉鸡的热应激反应。     

茶多酚对家禽热应激的调控机制研究进展

茶多酚是茶叶中多酚类物质的总称。茶多酚具有抗氧化能力强、无毒副作用、无异味等特点。茶多酚作为天然抗氧化物质,可以增强家禽的抗氧化机能,缓解氧化应激,提高家禽的生产性能和经济效益。笔者对茶多酚的生物特性、动物热应激产生的机制茶多酚对氧化应激的调控机制以及茶多酚对家禽热应激调控的影响进行了综述,旨在为家禽热应激的调控研究奠定基础。     

An illuminance ratio model based on a luminance transfer function matrix

An illuminance ratio model of both single and multiple sources was proposed. The model tried to compensate for a lighting dimming system acting incorrectly as a result of an illuminance sensor aimed at a workplace sheltered by paper or a human body. The method was based on a luminance transfer function matrix, and the model parameters were estimated via the least squares method. Simulated and experimental results show the illuminance calculated using the model is consistent with the actual situation. The illuminance sensor setting based on this model can not only reduce difficulties associated with laying lines, but also avoid incorrect action caused by the illuminance sensor aimed at a workplace sheltered by paper or a human body. This research serves as a reference for the design of lighting dimming systems.     

辣椒酵母单杂交系统的建立及调控CaWRKY40表达的转录因子分离

辣椒CaWRKY40的转录表达受到病原菌和高温的诱导并在辣椒抗青枯病以及耐高温中起着重要的作用,但其应答青枯菌侵染和高温胁迫表达的调节机制还不清楚。为了进一步分离调节CaWRKY40表达的转录因子,建立辣椒酵母单杂交cDNA文库,以CaWRKY40启动子的青枯病原菌及高温应答区域CaWRKY40p(W40p)为诱饵,筛选cDNA文库,共获得56个阳性克隆。序列分析结果表明,有27个克隆为非重复序列,对其推定氨基酸序列进行同源比对和功能结构域分析,发现有1个推定转录因子,即ARF（Auxin response factor）,以及其他蛋白如eIF（Eukaryotic initiation factor,真核起始因子）,EF（延伸因子,Elongation factor）等。进一步通过染色质免疫共沉淀验证这些转录因子与W40p的结合。剖析CaWRKY40表达的分子机制有利于深入解析CaWRKY40介导的辣椒抗病及耐高温分子机制。     

冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差及调控途径研究进展

缩减作物实际产量与潜在产量之间的差距是当前作物科学研究的热点之一,对保障国家粮食安全有重要意义。研究冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差形成机制及缩差增效途径,是大面积持续提高冬小麦现实生产力的迫切需求。本文概述了国内外作物产量差和效率差及调控技术途径的研究进展,重点综述了冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差异及调控途径研究进展。指出造成冬小麦产量差和效率差的五大因素为:品种因素、气候因素、土壤因素、人为管理措施和技术因素以及农户决策因素。最后提出了我国冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差异及调控技术途径的发展方向:建立基于云数据分析的区域化冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差异智慧调控途径;拓展冬小麦轮作系统下产量差和资源利用效率差异及调控途径的研究;创建区域模式化简化冬小麦缩差增效技术途径。冬小麦产量差和资源利用效率差异缩减技术创建是我国农业通向精准农业、绿色农业、均衡农业、高产高效农业的必由之路。以上研究进展为我国冬小麦缩差增效提供了理论依据和技术支撑。     

Effect of pioglitazone on balance of regulatory and effector T cells of uremic apolipoprotein E knockout mice in vitro

AIM: To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on the quantity and function-related factors of regulatory and effector T cells (Treg and Teff ) of uremic apolipoprotein E knockout mice in vitro with or without the stimulation of atherosclerotic plaque-specific antigen oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). METHODS: Uremic apolipoprotein E knockout mouse model was established by 2-step surgical procedure. After intervention with different concentrations (2 μmol/L and 20 μmol/L) of pioglitazone and PPARγ antagonist GW9662 (5 μmol/L) on splenocytes of uremic mice for 12 h in the presence or absence of oxLDL (2 mg/L), the levels of CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg and IFNγ⁺ CD4⁺ Teff were determined by flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of Foxp3 and IFNγ was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. RESULTS: In vitro, oxLDL induced a Treg/Teff imbalance in splenocytes from the uremic mice. Pioglitazone upregulated the level of Treg and mRNA expression of Foxp3 in the presence of oxLDL, which was not antagonized by GW9662. Meanwhile, pioglitazone downregulated the level of Teff and mRNA expression of IFNγ in the presence or absence of oxLDL, which was reversed by GW9662. CONCLUSION: oxLDL induces a Treg/Teff imbalance in uremic apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Pioglitazone modulates the Treg/Teff imbalance probably through PPARγ-independent and-dependent mechanisms.     

桃PGIP基因及其启动子的克隆与分析

桃流胶病是一种严重危害桃树的真菌性病害,为研究PGIP基因在桃抗流胶病及抗其它真菌性病害中的作用,本研究以桃抗流胶病品种‘南京白沙’叶片为材料,对其PGIP基因及启动子序列进行克隆与分析。克隆测序获得了‘南京白沙’桃PGIP基因cDNA序列（GenBank登录号：HQ453972）和PGIP基因组DNA序列以及起始密码子上游453bp的启动子序列（GenBank登录号：HQ453974）,并将该PGIP基因命名为PpPGIP2。‘南京白沙’桃PpPGIP2序列分析显示,该DNA序列具有完整的阅读框,无内含子,与GenBank中登录的李属PGIP基因序列同源性在93%～98%之间,与测序完成的桃全基因组中该基因的序列同源性为96%;PpPGIP2编码的氨基酸序列分析显示,该氨基酸序列含有2个典型的亮氨酸重复序列,信号肽为第1～第24个氨基酸残基;PGIP基因的序列聚类图显示,除了科、属、种间的同源性差异外,桃的种内PGIP基因同源性也有较大差异;PpPGIP2启动子序列分析发现3个抗病相关元件,分别为：GT1CONSENSUS、SEBFCONSSTPR10A和WBOXATNPR1,另外还有与激素调控、胁迫有关的调控元件。本研究对‘南京白沙’桃PGIP基因和启动子的克隆与分析,将为进一步研究桃PGIP基因的表达调控及其功能分析提供参考。